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Computing the force distribution on the surface of complex, deforming geometries using vortex methods and Brinkman penalization

机译:计算复杂曲面上的力分布,变形   几何使用涡旋方法和布林克曼惩罚

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摘要

The distribution of forces on the surface of complex, deforming geometries isan invaluable output of flow simulations. One particular example of suchgeometries involves self-propelled swimmers. Surface forces can providesignificant information about the flow field sensed by the swimmers, and aredifficult to obtain experimentally. At the same time, simulations of flowaround complex, deforming shapes can be computationally prohibitive whenbody-fitted grids are used. Alternatively, such simulations may employpenalization techniques. Penalization methods rely on simple Cartesian grids todiscretize the governing equations, which are enhanced by a penalty term toaccount for the boundary conditions. They have been shown to provide a robustestimation of mean quantities, such as drag and propulsion velocity, but thecomputation of surface force distribution remains a challenge. We present amethod for determining flow- induced forces on the surface of both rigid anddeforming bodies, in simulations using re-meshed vortex methods and Brinkmanpenalization. The pressure field is recovered from the velocity by solving aPoisson's equation using the Green's function approach, augmented with a fastmultipole expansion and a tree- code algorithm. The viscous forces aredetermined by evaluating the strain-rate tensor on the surface of deformingbodies, and on a 'lifted' surface in simulations involving rigid objects. Wepresent results for benchmark flows demonstrating that we can obtain anaccurate distribution of flow-induced surface-forces. The capabilities of ourmethod are demonstrated using simulations of self-propelled swimmers, where weobtain the pressure and shear distribution on their deforming surfaces.
机译:复杂的变形几何表面上的力分布是流动模拟的无价之宝。这样的几何形状的一个特定示例涉及自走式游泳者。表面力可以提供有关游泳者感测到的流场的重要信息,并且很难通过实验获得。同时,当使用适合人体的网格时,围绕复杂的变形形状的模拟可能会在计算上受到阻碍。可替代地,这样的模拟可以采用惩罚技术。罚分方法依赖于简单的笛卡尔网格来离散控制方程,并通过罚分项来增强边界条件。它们已经显示出可以可靠地估计平均量,例如阻力和推进速度,但是表面力分布的计算仍然是一个挑战。我们提出了一种方法,用于确定在刚体和变形体表面上的流动感应力,方法是使用重新网格化的涡旋方法和Brinkmanpenalization。通过使用格林函数方法求解泊松方程,从速度中恢复压力场,并增加了快速多极展开和树码算法。粘性力是通过评估变形体表面以及在涉及刚性物体的模拟中的“提升”表面上的应变率张量来确定的。我们提供基准流量的结果,表明我们可以获得流致表面力的准确分布。我们的方法的功能通过对自走式游泳者的仿真得到了证明,其中我们获得了其变形表面上的压力和剪切力分布。

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